Newtonian Light Bending

The 1919 Eddington Result-- No Curved Spacetime required

Apparent Newton Actual

1.0 R☉

(696000 km)

Newtonian 0.88"

One-Model_Zero 0.88"

TOTAL 1.75"

Soldner (1801) 0.87"

Einstein (1915) 1.75"

Eddington (1919) ~1.7"

One-Model-Zero 1.75" ✓

The Key Insight: Newton's calculation gave half the answer. The other half was always there in plain sight.