The 1919 Eddington Result-- No Curved Spacetime required
1.0 R☉
(696000 km)
A field's local data is its value, its slope, its curvature. A ray at speed c responds to the slope and the curvature.
A constant field bends nothing — direction answers only to change. The value sets timing, not path.
0.875″ — the pull across the ray's path. The half known since 1801.
0.875″ — the second half, the part that separated Einstein from Newton. A result of the model, not an input to it. Together: 1.75″.
The Key Insight: Newton's calculation gave half the answer. The other half was always there in plain sight.